Chapter 2: Carbon Taxation: An Introduction for Policymakers - Carbon Taxation Handbook (E/C.18/2020/CRP19)
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- The changing global environment underscores the importance of maintaining flexibility in addressing pressing issues in the FfD follow-up process. Each annual report thus includes a discussion of a different specific thematic issue.
- 2020: Financing sustainable development in an era of transformative digital technologies
- 2019: Integrated national financing frameworks for sustainable development
- 2018: Financing investment in selected SDGs
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- Action Areas
- Domestic public resources
- Domestic revenue mobilization and taxation
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- Illicit financial flows
- Return of stolen assets
- International tax cooperation: International efforts to Combating tax avoidance and evasion
- International tax cooperation: Combatting money laundering/terrorist financing
- International tax cooperation: Tax treaties, voluntary agreements and tax incentives
- International tax cooperation: Capacity building
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- Developing domestic capital markets
- Encouraging quality direct investments
- Sustainable investing and private sector efforts and initiatives on environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors
- Encouraging philanthropic engagement that is transparent and accountable
- Incentivizing investment in underfunded areas, including clean and affordable energy
- International development cooperation
- Climate finance, disaster risk and environmental resilience
- Country allocation, levels of concessionality and graduation issues
- Development effectiveness
- Humanitarian finance and peacebuilding
- Innovative development finance
- International cooperation and capacity building
- Multilateral development banks
- Official development assistance
- Other official flows and catalysing additional resources
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- Trade and the sustainable development goals
- Trade Finance
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- The role of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
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- Illegal wildlife trade/fishing/logging/mining
- Debt and debt sustainability
- Maintaining debt sustainability and improving debt sustainability assessments
- Improving public debt management
- Towards responsible borrowing and lending
- Innovative instruments for managing debt burdens
- Improving debt data and reporting
- Debt crisis resolution: Actions by official creditors
- Additional mechanisms, including involving private creditors
- Legislative efforts to address non-cooperative minority creditors
- Strengthening national legislation to address domestic sovereign debt
- Addressing systemic issues
- Science, technology, innovation and capacity-building
- Promoting information and communication technology, access to technology for all and social innovation
- Developing national policy frameworks for science, technology and innovation
- Creating a more enabling environment for science, technology and innovation
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- International level institutions and mechanisms to strengthen science, technology and innovation
- Technology transfer
- Actions within the United Nations or by the United Nations system
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- New technologies and financing for development
- Data, monitoring and follow-up
- Cross-cutting issues
- Delivering social protection and essential public services
- Ending hunger and malnutrition
- Closing the infrastructure gap
- Promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization
- Generating full and productive employment for all
- Protecting ecosystems
- Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies
- Gender equality and women's empowerment
- Investing in children and youth
- Addressing the diverse needs and challenges faced by countries in special situations
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